Tag: instrumentation and control
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Analog PID Controller: Basic Features
PID action can be performed using either analog or digital electronic circuits. In this article we look at the fundamental features of an analog PID controller. To help us understand the basic operation of an analog PID controller, let’s consider the block diagram below: In reference to the diagram above, the measured variable from the…
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PLC Input & Output Modules Circuits
The PLC Input/output modules are control ports either built into the PLC unit or, more commonly, are packaged as separate plug-in modules where each module contains a set of ports. These I/O modules act as interfaces to the outside world. I/O Modules can be broadly classified into two groups: Those that utilize discrete I/O levels…
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How to Choose the Perfect Thermal Mass Flow Meter
Among all flow meter types, thermal mass flow meters have become a go-to solution for accurate gas flow measurement in many industries, from manufacturing and chemical processing to environmental monitoring and research laboratories. Their ability to provide precise, repeatable, and direct mass flow readings—without the need for temperature or pressure compensation—makes them highly valuable. But…
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NAMUR NE 43 for Process Instrumentation Diagnostics
NAMUR NE 43 is a recommendation that seeks to promote the standardization of the signal level for failure information. The objective of NAMUR NE 43 is to set the foundation for proactively employing transmitter failure signals in process instrumentation and control. Using these failure signals, instrument faults are separated from process measurements. Because the faults…
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Pipe & Pipe Fittings: Common Connection Types & Features
Instruments may be connected to their corresponding processes and to each other by using pipe, tube and/or wires. In this article we focus on pipe and pipe fittings; the common techniques for joining pipes together and joining pipe ends to equipment such as flow measurement instruments. Pipe and Pipe Fittings Pipe can be defined as…
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China First Eco-Friendly High-Temperature Melt Pressure Transducer Without Mercury Filling
Ziasiot Sensor pioneered China’s first mercury-free, eco-friendly high-temperature melt pressure transducer, which marking a significant technological breakthrough in the melt pressure industry. A Safer Alternative for extrusion melt pressure applications Traditional melt pressure transducers and thermometers have long relied on mercury (Hg) as a filling medium. However, mercury poses severe health and environmental risks due to its toxic…
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Why Kunkle Valves Are the Go-To Choice in the Steam Industry
In the world of steam systems, where safety, efficiency, and reliability are non-negotiable, choosing the right pressure relief valve is critical. One name that consistently comes up in the conversation is Kunkle. With a long-standing reputation for quality engineering and robust performance, Kunkle valves have become a trusted solution across industries that rely on steam—including…
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Fundamentals of Fiber Optics Sensing Technology
Fiber optics sensors basically consist of an optical source that is coupled to an optical transmission line that directs the radiation to a sensor head as illustrated below: The light is then returned after being modified in some way by the sensor interaction, via the optical fiber, in either a reflective or transmission mode, to…
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Sheet Thickness Control System: Configuration & Operation
The Structure of Sheet Thickness Control System A typical process control system that may be used to control the thickness of sheet produced by rollers is illustrated in the diagram below: A block diagram of sheet thickness control system describing the above system is shown below: Operation of Sheet Thickness Control System The thickness of…
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Impeller Flowmeters: Features, Installation Considerations & Uses
Impeller flowmeters at times referred to as paddlewheel meters are one of the frequently utilized flowmeters for industrial flow measurement applications. Impeller flowmeters are cost effective compared to turbine meters and can be used in applications that are challenging to handle with other types of flow metering instruments. They are related to turbine meters in…