Basically sensor outputs can be categorized into two types: discrete also referred to discrete or logic and proportional also called analog. Discrete sensors supply a single logical output (1 or 0) e.g. a flow switch used … Read more
There are various types of instructions that are available in a PLC. The instruction set will vary depending on the brand and type of processor you are working with. For example, the classic Allen-Bradley … Read more
Assembly language programming of an embedded system has the following advantages:
Since this is an ever evolving field with advancement in technology, you will find various definitions of embedded systems out there but what stands out from all of them is that, they are electronic systems that contain either a microprocessor … Read more
PIC16F84 belongs to a class of 8-bit microcontrollers of RISC architecture (i.e. microcontrollers with Reduced Instruction Set Computer). This is a low cost Microchip microcontroller with EEPROM flash memory for program and data storage. It has no built-in Analog to … Read more
We would like to design a system to measure and display the rotational speed of a shaft. To accomplish this, we shall use a number of integrated circuits (ICs) to create the desired functionality of this system. A simple technique … Read more
Let’s consider the functional diagram below:
The D/A converter outputs a voltage directly related to the potentiometer position. However, the D/A converter’s output current is limited and not enough to … Read more
Because of the very high input gate resistance of MOSFETs, MOSFET’s fast switching speeds, and the ease at which they can be driven makes them ideal to interface with op-amps or standard logic gates. Nevertheless, care must be taken to … Read more
Fuzzy logic is a human model, potentially applicable to a wide range of processes and tasks that require human instinct and experience. In computer, truth-values are either 1 or 0, which corresponds to true/false duality. In fuzzy logic, truth is … Read more
The diagram below shows a digital control system for a drill press that includes: the input, digital processor, drill-positioning mechanisms, and sampled-data position control system.
The process is controlled … Read more
