Basically sensor outputs can be categorized into two types: discrete also referred to discrete or logic and proportional also called analog. Discrete sensors supply a single logical output (1 or 0) e.g. a flow switch used … Read more
The photoelectric pressure transducer uses a phototube and a light source (either a stable source of light or ac modulated light) separated by a window, whose aperture is controlled by the force summing device of the pressure transducer as illustrated … Read more
An oscilloscope is an electronic instrument that presents a graphical display of its input voltage as a function of time. It is important to note that oscilloscopes only measure voltages not currents or resistances however … Read more
NAMUR NE 107 is a standard adhered to by manufacturers during the design and fabrication of instruments. NAMUR NE 107 provides status signals that communicate clear messages and remedies. These status signals or diagnostic codes are categorized into four standard … Read more
Automobile navigation systems are essentially tools that aid the drivers in locating their destination. Modern automobile navigation systems are based technologies such as dead-reckoning, map matching, satellite positioning, proximity beacon and so forth. The map intelligent systems achieve high relative … Read more
Typically in an industrial set up, it may be necessary downstream of the main process application of superheated steam to reduce its pressure and temperatures to … Read more
A steam trap is a control valve whose basic function is to allow condensate to flow, while preventing the passage of steam until it has given up its heat by condensing back to water; in other words, a steam trap … Read more
Electronic IC temperature sensors are specialized integrated circuits that are used for sensing temperatures in the -55° C to +150°C range.
The working principle of IC temperature sensors is based on semiconductor physics. When … Read more
The IEEE-583, IEEE-595, and IEEE 596 CAMAC (Computer Aided Measurement and Control) standards define a hardware and data transmission system which is used to house, support and communicate with various compatible instrumentation modules.
A typical CAMAC crate shown in Figure … Read more
A pulse generator is an electronic instrument used to generate pulses for use in different types of electronic applications. Pulse generators are mainly utilized for production of pulses that are used to test applications … Read more
