Category: Power Systems
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Major Technologies for Smart Grid Implementation
Smart grid can enhance legacy electric systems (i.e. the traditional electricity infrastructure) by improving reliability and security; additional smart grid can offer economic benefits and cost savings, environmental improvement, and so forth. Generally smart grid represents the integration of digital technologies, sensors and other information and communication technologies to enable more efficient and reliable electricity…
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4 Common Arrangements of Distribution Substations
The general technique of supplying large quantity of power to factories or other complexes is by means of high-voltage (HV) supply, typically at 11 kV, occasionally at 6.6 kV. The installation consists of a main substation at the point of entry, with HV cables to supply subsidiary substations located near load centres. Where necessary, it…
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AC Transmission and Distribution Systems
Electrical energy is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of AC. Since, alternating voltage can be changed in magnitude by means of a transformer; it is possible to transmit AC power at high voltage which reduces the current in the conductors hence the line losses. The conductors system is the means by which electric…
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Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs)
Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) are electromechanical devices that protect an electrical circuit from over currents, in other words, MCBs are switches that automatically turns OFF when the current flowing them exceeds the maximum allowable limit. Over currents in an electrical circuit may be caused by short circuits overload or faulty designs. MCBs functions by interrupting…
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Overhead vs. Underground Power Distribution Systems
A power distribution system is the electrical system between the sub-station fed by the transmission system and the consumer’s meters. A distribution system generally is made up of feeders, distributors and the service mains. In this case, a feeder is a conductor which connects the substation (localized generating station) to the area where the power…
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Advantages of Fluid Power over Electric Power Systems
Generally fluid power systems tend to be insufficient, requiring much more energy input to the fluid than what is extracted at the points of use. When large amounts of energy need to be transmitted over long distances, electricity is a more practical medium for the task. Nonetheless, fluid power systems have certain advantages over electric…
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The Importance of Power Line Communication in Smart Grid Operation
Power line communication (PLC) (i.e. the sending of data over the existing power cables) plays an important role in smart grid operation; Power line communication networks can access smart meters that are connected to feeders, the smart meter receives a signal coming from the transformer which is electrically connected to it. This helps to identify…
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Transformer Substations in an Electric Power Supply System
The greater part of the substations in the power systems are focused on changing of the voltage level of the electric supply. These are termed to as transformer substations since the transformer is the key component used to change the voltage level. Transformer substations may be classified further into the following substations depending on the…
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Features and Classification of Substations
A substation can be defined as an assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristics like voltage, AC, DC, frequency, power factor, etc., of electric supply. Substations play a key role in power systems. The continuity of supply depends largely upon the successful operation of substations. Thus, it is imperative to exercise utmost care while…
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How to calculate the Power Factor Correction
Let us consider an inductive load taking a lagging current I at a power factor cosΦ1. For us to improve the power factor of such a circuit, the solution is to connect equipment in parallel with the load which takes a leading reactive component and partly cancels the lagging reactive component of the load. Figure…