Electrical and Control Systems

Mastering Electrical, Process Measurement & Control Systems

Home » Archives for John Mulindi » Page 22

Author: John Mulindi

  • What is a Discontinuous Controller?

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    This is a controller with only 2 switching states, that is, the output signal is switched ON and OFF depending on whether the process variable goes below or above a preset limit or setpoint. An example of a discontinuous controller is a resistance thermometer (Pt 100), whose electronic circuitry switches heating on if the temperature…

  • How Modbus is used in Industrial Networks

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    Modbus is an open standardized communication protocol that was founded by Modicon. Initially it was designed for the communication among PLCs in industrial applications but it also gained significance use in building automation domain for instance in HVAC systems, DDCs and room control. In a nutshell, Modbus is an application layer messaging, protocol placed at…

  • Network Access Control Techniques

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    Access control methods are required in a network to ensure that only one user of the network is able to transmit at any one time. In ring-based local area networks (LANs), two commonly employed techniques are: Token Passing In this technique, a token i.e. a special bit pattern, is circulated. When a station wishes to…

  • Types of AC Motors

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    Classification of AC Motors The AC motors works by rotating the stator field, they make use of the natural alternating nature of the AC wave to turn the field coils on and off sequentially. Generally, AC motors can be classified into two groups: single-phase and polyphase, with each group being further subdivided into induction and…

  • What is the difference between Broadband and Baseband Transmission?

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    Broadband transmission is used for a network in which information is modulated onto a radio frequency carrier which passes through the transmission medium such as a coaxial cable. Broadband transmission allows a number of modulated radio frequency carriers to be simultaneously transmitted and therefore offers a multichannel capability. Normally the topology of broadband LANs is…

  • Programming Embedded Systems in Assembly Language vs. High-Level Language

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    Assembly Language Programming Assembly language programming of an embedded system has the following advantages: High-Level Language Programming High-level programming languages like C, C++, Java, and Python are often used in place of Assembly language for programming of microprocessors. They have advantages when compared to Assembly language of being easier to use and that the same…

  • What is an Embedded System?

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    Since this is an ever evolving field with advancement in technology, you will find various definitions of embedded systems out there but what stands out from all of them is that, they are electronic systems that contain either a microprocessor or a microcontroller, but we don’t think of them as computers, because the computer is…

  • PIC16F84 Microcontroller Features

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    PIC16F84 belongs to a class of 8-bit microcontrollers of RISC architecture (i.e. microcontrollers with Reduced Instruction Set Computer). This is a low cost Microchip microcontroller with EEPROM flash memory for program and data storage. It has no built-in Analog to Digital converter (A/D) and Digital to Analog converter (D/A) or serial communication capability. Other PIC…

  • Features of a Serial Interface

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    In a serial interface, the data is sent 1 bit after the other on a single wire. Serial data is classified as being either synchronous or asynchronous. Synchronous data require that the data bytes be sent as group in a “package”. It is employed in advanced communication systems that move a lot of data. Asynchronous…

  • Designing a System to Measure & Display a Shaft Rotation Speed

    —

    by

    John Mulindi
    in

    We would like to design a system to measure and display the rotational speed of a shaft. To accomplish this, we shall use a number of integrated circuits (ICs) to create the desired functionality of this system. A simple technique to measure the speed is to count the number of shaft rotations during a given…