Author: John Mulindi
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Sheet Thickness Control System: Configuration & Operation
The Structure of Sheet Thickness Control System A typical process control system that may be used to control the thickness of sheet produced by rollers is illustrated in the diagram below: A block diagram of sheet thickness control system describing the above system is shown below: Operation of Sheet Thickness Control System The thickness of…
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Power Measurement in Fiber Optics, How it is Done
Optical Power The basic unit of measurement in fiber optics is the light power. Just like electric power, optic power is measured in watts. For light, the total energy Q is given by: Q = NQp Where Qp is the energy of a single photon and N is the number of photons, therefore: The Power…
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The Role Played by IIoT in Modern Manufacturing Systems
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) serves as the pillar and the basis for all smart manufacturing or industrial 4.0 solutions. At the basic level, IIoT works as a type of middleware by offering a communication support between devices, controllers, sensors, machines, information systems, databases and people. In this way IIoT ensures smart manufacturing objectives are…
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What is an Integrated Circuit (IC)?
An integrated circuit (IC) is a circuit in which components such as diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, and so forth are automatically made part of a small semiconductor chip. In other words, an IC is a complete electronic circuit in which both active and passive components are assembled on a small chip of silicon. When we…
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The Problems Associated with Embedded Power Generation
The rate of the development of energy sources that are alternatives to hydrocarbons is happening at a greater pace than any other time before; this is mainly because of the environmental reasons i.e. the limitation of carbon dioxide emissions and for the longer-term sustainability of energy supplies. The role played by such alternative energy sources…
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Impeller Flowmeters: Features, Installation Considerations & Uses
Impeller flowmeters at times referred to as paddlewheel meters are one of the frequently utilized flowmeters for industrial flow measurement applications. Impeller flowmeters are cost effective compared to turbine meters and can be used in applications that are challenging to handle with other types of flow metering instruments. They are related to turbine meters in…
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The Effects of Low Power Factor on Electrical Equipment
The cosine of the angle between voltage and current in an AC circuit is referred to as the power factor. In a typical AC circuit, there is a phase difference Φ between the voltage and current. The term cos Φ is termed to as the power factor of the circuit; if the current is inductive,…
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Fundamental Communication & Networking Terminology
To be able to choose the right network technology, it is essential to understand some key terminology so that the features and capabilities of various networks and technologies can be categorized and compared. Some of the basic communication and networking terminology includes: Station A station represents a single communication element on a network system. Each…
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Synchronous Compensators, What is their Purpose in Power Systems?
When designing a transmission or distribution system, the engineer must take into account not only the power requirement of the loads, but also the fact that they consume reactive power and to the same degree key, that networks include inductive and capacitive components which themselves absorb or generate reactive power. Power is generated and consumed…
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What is the Function of Unified Power Flow Controller?
In a number of cases, it may be possible to increase the grid’s capacity through enhanced control of the active and reactive power flow in the transmission network independently of busbar voltage. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) provides the reactive shunt compensation, active and reactive series compensation and phase shifting. It is thus capable…