While power cables are what we can refer to the “arteries” of industry, control and instrumentation cables are its “nerves”…
Let’s consider the transformer in Figure 1.0 whose secondary winding can be rotated with the respect to the primary winding.…
An actuator is normally controlled by the controller. The actuator, in turn, changes the output of an automated process. The…
Sensors are normally used to convert physical variables like pressure to signal variables. Sensors are also often termed to as…
Servo motors are typically employed in closed-loop position control; for example let us consider the following application, where the angular…
We would like to design a system to measure and display the rotational speed of a shaft. To accomplish this,…
Analog signals pass continuously through a full range of values for example a measuring device converts the process variable (PV),…
This is a variable-reluctance transducer used to detect small motions, giving output signals as low as 0.01° of changes in…
When steam-heated reboilers are used in distillation columns and the heating medium is steam, a flow control loop for the…
Let’s consider the figure below: Figure 1.0 Typical single-fuel cross-limited combustion control system In the system above, the output of…
