The DP Transmitter should be mounted with a manifold block as illustrated in the figure 1(a) below to allow for…
The Answers have been provided at the end of the Questions: Q1. Which of the following sensors is used to…
Protection against high currents and voltages is a very important requirement for signal processing circuits. A high current can be…
Before we discuss how to tune the PID controller, let’s look at some basic facts about PID Controller. Basic Facts…
The protection method used in a specific hazardous location depends on the application, the technology available and the specific explosive…
Functional safety is the risk reduction provided by the functions implemented to ensure the safe operations of the process. The…
Background of 4-20 mA Signal Transmission Initially signal transmission was dominated by pneumatics before the advent of 4-20 mA signal…
A smart sensor is the integration of a sensor with an analogue to digital converter (ADC), a processor and digital…
Process and Instrument Diagrams (P&IDs), also called Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams and Loop diagrams are construction and documentation drawings that…
Feedforward control is based on principle of pre-emptive load counter-action i.e. if all major loads (i.e. disturbances) on a process…
