The arrangement and connection of incoming and outgoing feeders in grid stations and substations and the number of busbars have…
Substations are the points in the power network where transmission lines and distribution feeders are connected together through circuit breakers…
Foundation fieldbus (FF) is an all-digital, serial, two-way communication system for industrial applications. Foundation fieldbus specifications include two different configurations:…
Topology is an important property of fieldbus. It is employed in the selection and definition of the best and suitable…
FM receivers employ heterodyne principle. The FM broadcast signals lie in the frequency range between 88 MHz and 108 MHz.…
Fieldbus can be defined as a digital, serial, multidrop, data bus for communication with industrial control and instrumentation devices such…
We have various types of overhead line and substation insulators. Generally they can be classified as: Post insulators Cap and…
Consider the circuit below: Figure 1(a) thermocouple signal amplifying circuit From the figure above, the sensing junction and reference junction…
Diodes are used in many applications for example diodes are employed in reverse-polarity protection, used in voltage regulators, etc. We…
HART is an acronym for (High Addressable Remote Transducer). HART is implemented in two ways in industrial instrumentation networks: Point…
