The figure below shows a typical basic furnace used to raise the temperature of a heat-transfer medium that is used…
Null Instrument The null technique is one of the operational modes for a measuring instrument. A null instrument employs the…
Analog Sensors Analog sensors provide a signal that is continuous in both its magnitude and its temporal (time) or spatial…
A potentiometer is an instrument that is used for measurement of potential difference across a known resistance or between two…
Several mechanical input sensors, as well as some sensors which measure humidity or temperature, operate by the transduced quantity causing…
Let’s consider the functional diagram below: Figure 1 DC motor power op-amp speed controller functional diagram The D/A converter outputs…
Because of the very high input gate resistance of MOSFETs, MOSFET’s fast switching speeds, and the ease at which they…
The Metal oxide semiconductor FET (MOSFET) also known as the insulated-gate FET (IGFET) is similar to JFET but exhibits even…
The bipolar transistor has several disadvantages: it has low input impedance because of forward biased emitter junction, it has small…
By placing two PN junctions together we can create a bipolar junction transistor. In a PNP transistor the majority charger…
