Internally a PLC typically operates at 5 V dc. The external devices such as solenoids, limit switches, motor starters, etc.…
RS-485 network is used in many industrial applications to gather data and control addressable motor drives, PLCs, cameras, time clocks,…
Motor contactors are large, high-current rated electromechanical relays. These are special relays in the sense that, they have heavy duty…
Generally fluid power systems tend to be insufficient, requiring much more energy input to the fluid than what is extracted…
Photovoltaic panels differ in their ability to connect components. Photovoltaic cells can be combined in two ways: parallel and series.…
Water is one of the most common contaminants in instrument air systems, causing corrosion of metal components and as a…
A computer is often used as part of a control system. The input data is typically from the operator’s commands…
The ladder diagram which is a special type of wiring diagram consists of two power rails, which are placed vertically…
While power cables are what we can refer to the “arteries” of industry, control and instrumentation cables are its “nerves”…
Robust control is normally used to handle systems with uncertainties & disturbances and with high performances. The objective of robust…
